mage add i18n
Collect the translatable phrases of a module or theme into i18n/en_US.csv.
cd app/code/Vendor/Module && mage add i18n
mage add i18n app/code/Vendor/Module
The path defaults to the folder you run mage in, and a relative path is resolved from there too.
When the folder has no registration.php, it asks before continuing.
It runs bin/magento i18n:collect-phrases, quotes the lines Magento writes without quotes, and sorts them.
An existing i18n/en_US.csv is replaced.